Given this line of sight, the next question is how to. Pdf optical design of a rotating eyepiece telescope researchgate. The simple microscope enables us to view very small. In this unit, lets learn about reflection, refraction, defects in the human eye and the lenses we use to correct them, and optical instruments such. Physics mcqs for class 12 chapter wise with answers pdf download was prepared based on latest exam pattern. The angular magnification of either kind of telescope can be calculated from the equation mfocularfobjectivepepe, where focular and fobjective are the powers of the ocular and objective lenses and pe and pe are the radii of the telescopes entrance and exit pupils. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. The history of telescopes and binoculars university of arizona. This volume gives engineers in the fields of optical engineering and optomechanical design a thorough understanding of the principal ways in which optical components lenses, windows, filters, shells, domes, prisms and mirrors of all sizes are mounted in optical instruments.
Optical instruments thin lens equation refractive power cameras the human eye combining lenses resolution. If 1is the focal length of the eye lens, the focal length of the combination is 312. For our purposes, in understanding how optical instruments work, the wave theory of light is entirely adequate. Mounting of optical components university of arizona. Class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments notes pdf download light waves can be bent and reflected to form new and sometimes altered images. Entirely updated to cover the latest technology, this second edition gives optical designers and optomechanical engineers a thorough understanding of the principal ways in which optical componentslenses, windows, filters, shells, domes, prisms, and mirrors of all sizes.
Telescope types and designs there are three basic types of optical telescopes refractor, newtonian reflector and catadioptric. Lx85 series telescope 8 acf meades allnew portable power supply. The distribution of corrective duties in optical instruments. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens e. Meade instruments telescopes, solar telescopes, binoculars. Optical instruments 2 of 3 the telescope michel van biezen. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. Because of this, collections of antique optical instruments are often referred to as glass and brass. In todays class, gaurav gupta sir will talk about the topic of ray optics, prism,compound microscope and telescope, optical instruments, lens makers formula,plane mirrors, angle of deviation. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. It states that for each and every object, there is an image.
An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light, mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct view, or to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors there are three primary types of optical telescope. A world leader in the manufacturing of telescopes, solar telescopes, microscopes, optics, binoculars, for amateur astronomers and hobbyists. Students can solve ncert class 12 physics ray optics and optical instruments mcqs pdf with answers to know their preparation level. Telescope project manager announced that there was a major flaw in one or both of the mirrors in the optical telescope assembly. The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. The binocular device is a generally compact instrument for both eyes designed for mobile use. Someone whose experience with telescopes is limited to this concept of a telescope would scarcely recognize a real telescope. Angular magnification by optical instruments uga physics and. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse.
The telescope is an optical instrument which allows us to overcome this. Understanding how light rays can be manipulated allows us to create better contact lenses, fiber optic cables, and high powered telescopes. Optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength.
Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. The resolution of optical instruments the minimum spot size to which a lens can focus light of wavelength. This microscope is at a small distance from the object for the magnification and hence this forms a virtual image. Telescope fundamentals dunlap institute university of toronto.
They focus the light and make distant objects appear brighter, clearer and magnified. Chapter 2 handbook of optics photonics research group. The objective lens is a converging lens and the ocular lens can be. A simple microscope is an optical instrument, we use for the magnification of small objects to get a clear image or vision. We can put together systems of lenses, mirrors, prisms, polarizers, filters, beam splitters, and all the other optical components we have discussed, to make a variety of common optical instruments, using raytracing methods. All of these telescopes are designed to collect light and bring it to a focus point so that it can be magnified by an eyepiece, however each design does it in a different manner. You can see the refracting telescope is much like the microscope. Starnavigator ng 102mm achromatic refractor telescope. The night sky and keck observatory laser for adaptive optics. Pdf mounting optics in optical instruments semantic. Pot lens in cell, spin up about optical axis, make final cut on mechanical surfaces datum surfaces on subcells can be controlled to microns barrel bore and shim spacers can be controlled to micron levels subcells are stacked up in barrel like poker chips figure 4. Keck telescopes are among the largest optical near infrared instruments currently in use around the world. Telescopes while microscopes give angular magnification of near objects, telescopes.
In this video i will have a discussion on the how the telescope works and show you how to. Galilean telescope or terrestrial telescope astronomical telescope an astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used to see the magnified image of distant heavenly bodies like stars, planets, satellites and galaxies etc. Easier to make a mirror than a lens, newton invented a reflecting telescope. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes vidyakul. Astronomical telescope a telescope is an optical instrument which is used to see the distant objects. Initial telescopes were designed to use the human eye as an instrument so they had an afocal design. The first optical instruments were telescopes used for magnification of distant images, and microscopes used for magnifying very tiny images. Optical instruments are the devices which process light wave to enhance an image for more clear view. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Simple magnifier, microscope, and newtonian telescope objective. While the most obvious differences between handheld. Lennard fisk, associate administrator for the office of space science and applications, in accordance with the procedures of.
Reflection reflection is the phenomenon of changing the path of light without any change in the medium. Terrestrial and astronomical telescope definition telescopes use lenses to gather more light than the human eye could collect on its own. In particular, interest in multilens systems of the type evryscope law et al. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter. The magnifying power or angular magnification of a visual instrument is defined as. Telescopes consist of two lenses in practice two optical systems mounted such that the secondary focal point of the objective coincides with the primary focal point of the ocular. All the distance measurements are done from pole of the. Optical instruments of considerable sophistication. Use of an optical instruments, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and helps us to see in a more detailed manner. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. Physics mcqs for class 12 with answers chapter 9 ray.
The first afocal lens was the galilean telescope to be described later, a visual. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes chapter 9. In order to resolve two points, their angular separation must be greater than. Theory an understanding of lenses as converging or diverging and a classification of their surfaces as concave, convex, or planar is needed for this experiment. Free pdf download of cbse physics multiple choice questions for class 12 with answers chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments. Ray optics or geometrical optics in this optics, the light is considered as a ray which travels in a straight line. An accompanying cdrom offers a convenient spreadsheet of the many equations some relatively complex that are. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. Optical instruments terrestrial telescope definition. Mounting optics in optical instruments, 2nd edition. Thus a telescope consists of a long focal length lens called the object glass and a short focal length lens called the eyepiece, and. Astronomical telescopes make objects from space appear as bright, contrasty or sharp and large as possible.
Since the days of galileo and van leeuwenhoek, these instruments have been greatly improved and extended into other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612 suppose you point a pinhole. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Pdf flexible eyepiece telescope has been designed and verified. What optics are and different types, and how they work and form images. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. The title of this chapter is to some extent false advertising, because the instruments described are the instruments of firstyear optics courses, not optical instruments of the real world of optical technology.
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